In many applications of polymer materials, as e.g. coatings, composites or as smart surfaces, the material properties or the adhesion to other substances are determined to a great amount by functional groups situated at the very surface. While contact angle...

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been the main polymeric articulating implant material for the hip implant. Acetabular cup is made of UHMWPE in its unmodified form or with partial cross-linking and with Vitamin E added into it as the anti-oxidant....

Rolling element bearings provide vital load carrying roles in many rotational applications. In aero-engines these include supports for the main shafts and the main gearbox. While advances in material manufacturing techniques producing very high quality steels...

Surface texture plays a key role in manufacturing and product development, affecting the performance and reliability of products ranging from automotive components to consumer electronics and photovoltaics as well as space applications.  Roughness is the most commonly...

Two-dimensional materials with graphene-like structure have gained remarkable attention, because they have demonstrated remarkable tribological properties, even when applying only one or a few atomic layers of the material to the contact zone. However, the mechanisms...

Bottom-up multiscale modelling has proven to be a powerful tool for predicting the deformation and damage of fibre-reinforced polymer composites. In this strategy, three scales of the composite are considered: the ply level (μm scale), the laminate level (mm scale)...

Established in 1966, Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) is a national R&D institute set up by government and industry. ARAI provides services of R&D, Testing & Evaluation, Certification & Standardization, Education & Training,...

Despite the ubiquitous use of soft aqueous hydrogels in biomedical applications, one of the major challenges is the ability to precisely control the mechanical properties of soft biomaterials to meet specific needs. However, the accurate and precise determination of...

The wettability of a surface is defined by the interfacial chemical properties of both the liquid and solid phase. Measuring the contact angle with water is an important method to characterise how hydrophobic or hydrophilic a surface is i.e., how it interacts with...